@Article{NMTMA-9-1,
author = {},
title = {Numerical Approaches for Linear Left-Invariant Diffusions on $SE(2)$, Their Comparison to Exact Solutions, and Their Applications in Retinal Imaging},
journal = {Numerical Mathematics: Theory, Methods and Applications},
year = {2016},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {1--50},
abstract = {<p style="text-align: justify;">Left-invariant PDE-evolutions on the roto-translation group $SE(2)$ (and
their resolvent equations) have been widely studied in the fields of cortical modeling
and image analysis. They include hypo-elliptic diffusion (for contour enhancement)
proposed by Citti &amp; Sarti, and Petitot, and they include the direction process
(for contour completion) proposed by Mumford. This paper presents a thorough
study and comparison of the many numerical approaches, which, remarkably, are
missing in the literature. Existing numerical approaches can be classified into 3
categories: Finite difference methods, Fourier based methods (equivalent to $SE(2)$-Fourier methods), and stochastic methods (Monte Carlo simulations). There are also
3 types of exact solutions to the PDE-evolutions that were derived explicitly (in the
spatial Fourier domain) in previous works by Duits and van Almsick in 2005. Here
we provide an overview of these 3 types of exact solutions and explain how they
relate to each of the 3 numerical approaches. We compute relative errors of all numerical
approaches to the exact solutions, and the Fourier based methods show us
the best performance with smallest relative errors. We also provide an improvement
of Mathematica algorithms for evaluating Mathieu-functions, crucial in implementations
of the exact solutions. Furthermore, we include an asymptotical analysis of
the singularities within the kernels and we propose a probabilistic extension of underlying
stochastic processes that overcomes the singular behavior in the origin of
time-integrated kernels. Finally, we show retinal imaging applications of combining
left-invariant PDE-evolutions with invertible orientation scores.</p>},
issn = {2079-7338},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.4208/nmtma.2015.m1411},
url = {https://global-sci.com/article/90531/numerical-approaches-for-linear-left-invariant-diffusions-on-se2-their-comparison-to-exact-solutions-and-their-applications-in-retinal-imaging}
}