The Breakdown of Darboux's Principle and Natural Boundaries for a Function Periodised from a Ramanujan Fourier Transform Pair
Year: 2019
East Asian Journal on Applied Mathematics, Vol. 9 (2019), Iss. 3 : pp. 409–423
Abstract
Darboux's Principle asserts that a power series or Fourier coefficient $a$$n$ for an analytic function $f$($z$) is approximated as $n$ → $∞$ by a sum of terms, one for each singularity of $f$($z$) in the complex plane. This is crucial to understanding why Fourier series converge rapidly or slowly, and thus crucial to Fourier numerical methods. We partially refute Darboux's Principle by an explicit counterexample constructed by applying the Poisson Summation Theorem to a Fourier Transform pair found explicitly by Ramanujan. The Fourier coefficients show a geometric rate of decay proportional to exp(−$πχ$$n$) multiplied by sin($φ$) where the “phase" is $φ$ = $π$$χ$2$n$2 mod (2$π$). We prove that the Fourier series converges everywhere within the largest strip centered on the real axis which is singularity-free, here |$\mathcal{I}$($z$)| < $πχ$. We present strong evidence that the boundaries of the strip of convergence are natural boundaries. Because the function $f$($z$) is singular everywhere on the lines $\mathcal{I}$($z$) = ±$πχ$, there is no simple way to extrapolate the asymptotic form of the Fourier coefficients from knowledge of the singularities, as is possible through Darboux's Theorem when the singularities are isolated poles or branch points.
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Journal Article Details
Publisher Name: Global Science Press
Language: English
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4208/eajam.121218.180419
East Asian Journal on Applied Mathematics, Vol. 9 (2019), Iss. 3 : pp. 409–423
Published online: 2019-01
AMS Subject Headings:
Copyright: COPYRIGHT: © Global Science Press
Pages: 15
Keywords: Darboux’ Theorem Fourier Transform imbricate Ramanujan natural boundary